{"id":99,"date":"2022-01-10T21:26:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T21:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ricardodev.pressbooks.network\/mcspanish2\/chapter\/introduction-to-cultura-los-hispanos-en-los-estados-unidos\/"},"modified":"2023-04-13T11:38:46","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T11:38:46","slug":"introduction-to-cultura-los-hispanos-en-los-estados-unidos","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/ricardodev.pressbooks.network\/mcspanish2\/chapter\/introduction-to-cultura-los-hispanos-en-los-estados-unidos\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Cultura: Los Hispanos en Los Estados Unidos","rendered":"Introduction to Cultura: Los Hispanos en Los Estados Unidos"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<div id=\"wrap\">\n<div id=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">The <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial; color: #373d3f; font-size: 1em;\">Cultura<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\"> sections offer an opportunity to learn about a variety of themes and topics in the Spanish-speaking world. You may find that the\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial; color: #373d3f; font-size: 1em;\">Cultura\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">sections have vocabulary or structures you don\u2019t know yet. If that\u2019s the case, don\u2019t worry! The point of these sections is to practice inferring meaning from context.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div id=\"post-471\" class=\"numberless post-471 chapter type-chapter status-publish hentry chapter-type-numberless\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n\nAs\u00a0Janet Swaffar and Katherine Arens point out:\n<blockquote>Reading experts assert that only about half of what people understand when they read in any language has to do with knowing that language\u2019s vocabulary and its grammar. The other half involves factors such as:\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u2022 background knowledge about the topic or the medium (e.g. what kind of a hero Batman is, and what an action movie looks like)\n\u2022 knowledge of a genre (e.g. what information is in a movie review and what importance is attached to who writes the review and where it\u2019s published)\n\u2022 strategies for guessing and working with uncertainty (\u201cI don\u2019t know this term, but it has been mentioned twice so it\u2019s probably important and I\u2019ll continue reading to see if I can figure it out.\u201d)\n\u2022 strategies for identifying cognates and other textual clues (illustrations, subtitles, etc.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/02\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\nWhether in your native language or in a language you\u2019re just learning, reading is as much about context as about content. So the first time you read through the\u00a0<em>Cultura\u00a0<\/em>text (or any text in Spanish), try to note the words and phrases you already understand. Once you\u2019ve read it through once this way, consider which words or phrases you would need to look up in order to understand the text more thoroughly. Look up these words and see how this knowledge changes your understanding of the text. Finally, think about whether there are any formulations or structures you still don\u2019t understand. Ask your teacher (or a native speaker) to explain what\u2019s going on in these passages.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- .entry-content -->\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- #post-## -->\n\n<!-- CITATIONS AND ATTRIBUTIONS -->\n\n<section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n<div class=\"post-citations sidebar\">\n<div id=\"citation-header-471\" class=\"collapsed license-attribution-dropdown\" role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Licenses and Attributions<\/div>\n<div id=\"citation-list-471\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"licensing\">\n<div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>\n<ul class=\"citation-list\">\n \t<li>Foreign Language Teaching Methods: Reading. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: COERLL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section><!-- edit page button -->\n\n<!-- page nav buttons -->\n\n<nav class=\"bottom-nav-buttons\" role=\"navigation\"><\/nav><\/div>\n<!-- #content -->\n\n<!-- This does nothing and exists only to block sidebar.php of the Luther theme from rendering. -->\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- #wrap -->\n<div class=\"push\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- .wrapper for sitting footer at the bottom of the page -->\n<div class=\"footer\">\n<div class=\"inner\">\n\n<!-- logo options -->\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3.5em; text-align: center;\"><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- #inner -->\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- #footer -->\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/plugins\/candela-tiny-ab\/tiny-ab.js?ver=0.1.1\"><\/script>\n<script async type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/pressbooks-book\/dist\/scripts\/keyboard-nav.js?id=5530f96084c639f108ac\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/audio-behavior.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/hide-answer.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/lti-buttons.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/ var wpipaViews = {\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/courses.lumenlearning.com\\\/wm-spanish1\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php\"}; \/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/plugins\/mts-wp-in-post-ads\/public\/js\/wp-in-post-ads-views.js?ver=1.2.3\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/ var thePost = {\"id\":\"471\"}; \/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/attributions.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script>\n<script>if (typeof sendIframeResize === \"function\") { sendIframeResize(); }<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={\"beacon\":\"bam-cell.nr-data.net\",\"licenseKey\":\"0d4d84695b\",\"applicationID\":\"12680714\",\"transactionName\":\"ZQBaNkRZXEdZBkcLWlxKeQFCUV1aFxZaDFJeAA==\",\"queueTime\":0,\"applicationTime\":184,\"atts\":\"SUdZQAxDT0k=\",\"errorBeacon\":\"bam-cell.nr-data.net\",\"agent\":\"\"}<\/script>","rendered":"<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<div id=\"wrap\">\n<div id=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">The <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial; color: #373d3f; font-size: 1em;\">Cultura<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\"> sections offer an opportunity to learn about a variety of themes and topics in the Spanish-speaking world. You may find that the\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial; color: #373d3f; font-size: 1em;\">Cultura\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">sections have vocabulary or structures you don\u2019t know yet. If that\u2019s the case, don\u2019t worry! The point of these sections is to practice inferring meaning from context.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"post-471\" class=\"numberless post-471 chapter type-chapter status-publish hentry chapter-type-numberless\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>As\u00a0Janet Swaffar and Katherine Arens point out:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Reading experts assert that only about half of what people understand when they read in any language has to do with knowing that language\u2019s vocabulary and its grammar. The other half involves factors such as:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u2022 background knowledge about the topic or the medium (e.g. what kind of a hero Batman is, and what an action movie looks like)<br \/>\n\u2022 knowledge of a genre (e.g. what information is in a movie review and what importance is attached to who writes the review and where it\u2019s published)<br \/>\n\u2022 strategies for guessing and working with uncertainty (\u201cI don\u2019t know this term, but it has been mentioned twice so it\u2019s probably important and I\u2019ll continue reading to see if I can figure it out.\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 strategies for identifying cognates and other textual clues (illustrations, subtitles, etc.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/02\/<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Whether in your native language or in a language you\u2019re just learning, reading is as much about context as about content. So the first time you read through the\u00a0<em>Cultura\u00a0<\/em>text (or any text in Spanish), try to note the words and phrases you already understand. Once you\u2019ve read it through once this way, consider which words or phrases you would need to look up in order to understand the text more thoroughly. Look up these words and see how this knowledge changes your understanding of the text. Finally, think about whether there are any formulations or structures you still don\u2019t understand. Ask your teacher (or a native speaker) to explain what\u2019s going on in these passages.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .entry-content --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #post-## --><\/p>\n<p><!-- CITATIONS AND ATTRIBUTIONS --><\/p>\n<section class=\"citations-section\" role=\"contentinfo\">\n<div class=\"post-citations sidebar\">\n<div id=\"citation-header-471\" class=\"collapsed license-attribution-dropdown\" role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Licenses and Attributions<\/div>\n<div id=\"citation-list-471\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<div class=\"licensing\">\n<div class=\"license-attribution-dropdown-subheading\">CC licensed content, Shared previously<\/div>\n<ul class=\"citation-list\">\n<li>Foreign Language Teaching Methods: Reading. <strong>Provided by<\/strong>: COERLL. <strong>Located at<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/coerll.utexas.edu\/methods\/modules\/reading\/<\/a>. <strong>License<\/strong>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\">CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- edit page button --><\/p>\n<p><!-- page nav buttons --><\/p>\n<nav class=\"bottom-nav-buttons\" role=\"navigation\"><\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #content --><\/p>\n<p><!-- This does nothing and exists only to block sidebar.php of the Luther theme from rendering. --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #wrap --><\/p>\n<div class=\"push\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .wrapper for sitting footer at the bottom of the page --><\/p>\n<div class=\"footer\">\n<div class=\"inner\">\n<p><!-- logo options --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 3.5em; text-align: center;\">\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #inner --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- #footer --><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/plugins\/candela-tiny-ab\/tiny-ab.js?ver=0.1.1\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/pressbooks-book\/dist\/scripts\/keyboard-nav.js?id=5530f96084c639f108ac\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/audio-behavior.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/hide-answer.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/wm-spanish1\/wp-content\/themes\/bombadil\/assets\/js\/lti-buttons.js?ver=4.9.8\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/ var wpipaViews = {\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/courses.lumenlearning.com\\\/wm-spanish1\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php\"}; 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