As Janet Swaffar and Katherine Arens point out:
Reading experts assert that only about half of what people understand when they read in any language has to do with knowing that languageâs vocabulary and its grammar. The other half involves factors such as:
âą background knowledge about the topic or the medium (e.g. what kind of a hero Batman is, and what an action movie looks like)
âą knowledge of a genre (e.g. what information is in a movie review and what importance is attached to who writes the review and where itâs published)
âą strategies for guessing and working with uncertainty (âI donât know this term, but it has been mentioned twice so itâs probably important and Iâll continue reading to see if I can figure it out.â)
âą strategies for identifying cognates and other textual clues (illustrations, subtitles, etc.).https://coerll.utexas.edu/methods/modules/reading/02/
Whether in your native language or in a language youâre just learning, reading is as much about context as about content. So the first time you read through the Cultura text (or any text in Spanish), try to note the words and phrases you already understand. Once youâve read it through once this way, consider which words or phrases you would need to look up in order to understand the text more thoroughly. Look up these words and see how this knowledge changes your understanding of the text. Finally, think about whether there are any formulations or structures you still donât understand. Ask your teacher (or a native speaker) to explain whatâs going on in these passages.